Peer Violence Essay

Peer violence/abuse is something that takes place in the everyday life of some people and their families. Peer violence/abuse is when a person undergoes improper or unfair physical or verbal maltreatment, injury, sexual assault, violation, unjust practices, wrongful practice or custom, offense, and crime. There are many different types of peer violence such as verbal, physical, cyber bullying, and social alienation. As you continue to read you will better understand the effect, consequences (in school and out of school), and examples of peer violence. Youth violence has played a big part of everyday life for some; youth violence includes bullying, punching, slapping, verbal abuse and using weapons, towards another. These violent acts are a disruption to people’s lively-hoods and to the learning process. The most serious effect that youth violence has on people is death and injury; most students are victims of homicides in the schools and suicides at home. Most of these deaths occur before, after, or during lunchtime. Other victims can be examples of nonfatal injuries like cuts, broken bones, bruises and even gunshot wounds. Some can even have a long-term effect on a person emotionally/mentally, a person can suffer depression, fear other people, anxiety and even post-traumatic stress which does not just effect the person but it also effects the persons immediate family and close friends. Peer violence can affect the way a child lives and their lives, they will feel shame for being a victim and won’t tell anybody what’s going on and could be afraid that the problem might escalate if they do tell a trusted adult. In recent news, in Southern Las Vegas two brothers were sentenced to jail and correctional facilities for the bullying of a disabled boy who attended their school. The boys had one of their friends record the attacking of the boy and posted it on YouTube. One of the boys was sentenced to 12 months of probation and 40 hours of community service while the other was sentenced to serve time at Spring Mountain Youth Camp with supervision until released. Consequences are one of the things many people do not think about before they began bullying each other or began attacking one another. In most schools a punishment is 3 to 6 days of suspension and even a court date with the victim. In Las Vegas depending on your age you can get anything from probation to 30 days in a juvenile correction center or a correctional center such as boy’s town or Spring Mountain Youth Camp. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbine_High_School_massacre#Medication http://www.modernmom.com/article/the-effects-of-school-violence-on-victims http://www.modernmom.com/article/the-effects-of-school-violence-on-victims

Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court (Book Report) Essay

Mark Twain is often thought of as the most cynical writer in American literature. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court is perhaps one of greatest works. In this amusing story, Twain takes an American entrepreneur from his own day and age, and thrusts him back to the age of King Arthur. The novel is therefore about how a nineteenth-century American industrialist might act if he found himself in medieval England. Mark Twain sees the Industrial Age in which he lived as a rabid attempt to exploit everyone and everything. And, that’s exactly what Hank Morgan, also known as the â€Å"Boss†, does when he gets to Camelot. Hank uses science and technology to exploit Camelot. Threatened with execution, Hank remembers that an eclipse is supposed to occur in the near future, and he uses this knowledge to convince King Arthur and the rest of Camelot that Hank is a stronger magician than Merlin. Once Hank gains King Arthurs trust, he is able to do whatever he wants with Camelot and its people. Hank quickly goes about â€Å"improving† Camelot with industries and technologies that are common to nineteenth-century America. One of his schemes is to â€Å"invent† soap and making it available to all of the people of Camelot (since the people didn’t bathe as frequently in the third-century as they did in the nineteenth). Hank is appalled at how much power that the Established Church has over the people. So he decides that the people need to be educated, which will, naturally, weaken the church’s hold. Of course, being an entrepreneur at heart, Hank can’t help but look on Camelot as an opportunity for exploiting people with his superior knowledge. In a very memorable scene, Hank describes the religious devotions of many of the monks of the time as, a monk who expresses his devotion to God by bowing over and over again, all day long, without stopping. Rather than being impressed by the monk’s passionate display of faith, Hank notes the astounding amount of energy the monk puts out every day. Not to see this wasted, he hooks up a sewing machine to the monk, using his bowing motions to run the machine. In this manner Hank manufactures and sells garments as religious souvenirs, and tells the reader–with not a little satisfaction–about the wild success of these garments. Beyond Twain’s customary critiques on slavery and religion, the book also  offers a somewhat different brand of cynicism Twain’s critique of science and progress. When Hank Morgan arrives in Camelot, it is a fairy-tale city that has long represented both nobility and weaknesses. Then, in his quest to â€Å"improve† the city, he destroys it. Everything that defines the time from the smelly, unwashed people to their superstitions and religious fervor is exploited in the name of progress. Here, then, we see Hank Morgan as an expression of Twain’s dislike with the value of modern progress.

MCdonald vs Taco Bell Essay

Since the last decades the fast-food industry has been developing rapidly and has effectively penetrated majority of the market internationally. MC Donald, started in 1954, is now the world leading global food service retailer generating a revenue of 28.11 billion U.S dollars in 2013 (MC Donald’s revenue 2013). Contrarily, due to the poor managerial function, Taco Bell , an American chain of fast food restaurants founded in 1962, hits upon a weak sales during 2000 (Taco Bell corporation). This essay will discuss about the different managerial skills namely planning, organizing, leading and controlling adopted by these two organizations. Planning refers to the most important means, which one must use to ensure success of an organization (Wren, Bredeian and Breeze 2002, 906-918). Changing their Big Mac into Maharaja Mac show how Mc Donald is being actively engaged in building strong customer relations. In comparising, Taco Bell were not respecting the quality of their product as it contained genetically modified corn which results in lower sales (Dorey 2000, 1136-7) Organizing are building strong labour forced to help the business to perform in a competitive way. In order to make improvements, MC Donald focus mainly on training his workforce professionally, they also delivered training programs up to 40 languages to help employees to adapt to different cultures. Taco Bell, in 1988 due to his poor labour management, sales were being lost (Hueter and Swart 1998, 75-91) Leading is the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve organizational goals (Richard Daft, quoted in Rysward Barnat, 2014). Donald Thompson, CEO of MC Donald, has led the company thought a very competitive period and maintains their market share. Taco Bell was engaged in infringing stage laws as they were not paying employees who work overtime for them (New York Times 1997). Controlling is an ongoing process which determines whether the film on target towards its goals. MC Donald make their employees work according to standards. Each franchise must abide the severe supplier policies. Taco Bell following a pressure campaign launched against them, they had to increase the wages of the farm workers who supply them tomatoes. Through strict and clear approaches under the winning leadership and planning of Donald Thompson, the CEO of MC Donald has created a good image for the company and therefore these results in loyal customers. Conversely, Taco Bell with his poor managerial skills,  they suffer a lot from weak sales for their products. A perfect combination of the four management function of Fayol has been the key driver behind the success of MC Donald.

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Business law - Essay Example bligation under a contract arises when two or more parties enter into an agreement with each or among each other and that agreement is entered into with a consideration or by Deed and no mistake, misrepresentation or frustration is attendant before, during or after the agreement. Under such kind of agreement the promisee is obliged to deliver and the promissor is entitled to receive in accordance with the terms of the contract and in the event of failure of the promisee to deliver what is expected of him, then the promissor is entitled to recover damages for breach of contract. 2 In the present case, Bajool freely entered into a contract with BSP with the terms of the contract clearly set forth in the agreement. The time of deliveries is specific as well as the manner and amount of payments in installment. Although there is always a probability that prices of any commodity may from time to time fluctuate, as in this case, Bajool did not negotiate for a provision at the time of the ag reement that would stipulate that in the event of a fluctuation, particularly a rise in the price of industrial salt, the agreed contract price shall forthwith also increase under a ‘rise and fall’ clause. Absent such a clause and considering that the contract is not long-term, Bajool is not justified in forcing BSP to agree to a different contract price and ultimately terminated the contract when the same failed. Therefore, Bajool’s termination of the contract is unwarranted and unjustified. This is especially true if the agreement of the parties had been put into writing considering that the Australian legal jurisdiction strictly adhere to the ‘parol evidence’ rule. This rule states to the effect that when the terms of an agreement are put into writing, then no other evidence of the intention and the terms that the parties agreed in the contract can be admitted to prove the terms agreed upon by them. This is the same doctrine held in the case of Me rcantile Bank of Sydney v

PEST analysis, (Political) in the UK Speech or Presentation

PEST analysis, (Political) in the UK - Speech or Presentation Example Individual making investment will be able to claim income tax reduction as an income tax relief. In the western world, the corporate tax rate in Britain is believed to become one of the lowest tax rates. Corporate tax rate has been dropping from 34% in 1990 to 24% in 2013 (Neville 2013). The introduction of new tax relief will lead to further reduction from 24% in 2013 to 21% in 2014. The second political factor is labour law. Currently the UK government have introduced regulations that will implement key changes to the obligations of redundancy collective consultation. This was approved in 6th April, 2014 and there would be publication of new Acas guidance for handling redundancy consultation (lorber & Novitz 2012). The third one is the environmental law. There have been implementations on environment regulations known as extended producer responsibility. These regulations are derived from European legislation and ensure that producers of particular products take full responsibility of reprocessing, recycling, and finance treatment of these items. The other political factor is trade restrictions which are inform of sanctions in the UK. The Sanction measures that have been applied include arms embargoes and several other trade control restrictions. Arms embargoes prohibit exportation of dual-use-items-goods and weaponry which have both military and civil use (Kenner 2011). The last political factor is technology. According to internet economy of UK, internet has allowed access to any information transforming life in UK. Technology use in UK has increase dramatically as evident in the use of smart phones. The rapid growth in tables, data â€Å"dongles†, and smart phone has enabled users to perform a lot of task both at home and in the office (Kenner 2011). The use of smart phone has doubled between 2008 and 2010 as shown

Framework for extra-curricular involvement Research Paper

Framework for extra-curricular involvement - Research Paper Example As a function of such an understanding, it will be the intent of this brief analysis to discuss some of the means by which this author will seek to engage in communication and leadership development through extra-curricular activities. As such, this brief analysis will consider extracurricular activities that will be planned and engaged with as a means of furthering the knowledge that has thus far been learned in the classroom. Further, a level of metrics will be applied which will help to categorize the means by which such extra-curricular activities can be measured for overall success in each activity. With regards to the first extra-curricular activity that can be engaged as a means of furthering my education beyond the boundaries of the classroom is with regards to volunteering as an assistant for a local community health drive. Ultimately, the process of volunteering as such as one that allows the individual to bring to bear many of the skills and techniques which have thus far been taught in class. Although there were a number of different aspects that prompted me towards volunteering for a community-wide health outreach, the main determinant was the ability to engage with individuals that had hitherto received little if any attention. Moreover, with regards to the metrics of the participation in such an extra-curricular, this will be judged based upon the degree to which the core concepts and understandings from the coursework can be applied in a satisfactory manner as a means to benefit those individuals within the community which I will be directly serving as a function of the voluntary work. Finally, with respect to the unique level of core challenges that this will provide me, it can be understood that such a course of application will allow me the unique opportunity to utilize many of the core competencies I have thus far been acquainted within in the field of course material that has been studied. Although the course material itself is vitally impo rtant towards helping the individual student to come up with an actionable means of approach to a variety of different

Application Demonstration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Application Demonstration - Essay Example A client logs in from the client application and upon proper authentication with the server, the client application’s IP address is stored by the server and the client’s status is made to ‘Online’. As such, at any given time, the server maintains two basic things, the list of contacts of any client (who are clients themselves), the clients who are online and the IP addresses of the online clients. At the client end, the message is decrypted using predefined logic and the online and offline contacts are displayed to the customer in predefined separate formats (the online contacts are colored while the offline ones are grayed). The server receives the message and determines the contact. It checks whether the client contact is online, in which case, a socket with the client contact is opened. Otherwise, the server responds to the client with a ‘Contact offline at the moment, send offline message’ message. In case a contact is offline, the server stores the message in its database. Whenever the client contact comes online, the server initially queries the database to determine if there were any offline messages. If there were any such messages, the server relays the offline messages to the client, wherein they are displayed in a separate dialog with the messages being grouped according to the client who sent the

Explain why the nineteenth century saw the development of multilateral Essay

Explain why the nineteenth century saw the development of multilateral diplomacy in Europe - Essay Example The extension of that system through the growth of European influence overseas, the eventual erosion of Europe’s pre-eminence, the rise of the superpowers, the birth of new states, and the challenge of universalist creeds and ideologies, each in their own way influenced the methods, style and content of diplomacy. The emancipation within barely thirty years of almost all the colonial and dependent territories of Britain, France, the Netherlands and Portugal thus vastly inflated the world’s corps diplomatiques, strained traditional diplomatic values, and transformed institutionalized ‘multilateral diplomacy’ – or diplomacy by committee as it has been most appropriately termed – from a convenience into a necessity. The post-Cold War multilateral diplomacy is exemplified by more versatile policies of meetings and discussions with enormous issues and the rising contribution of authorities, national groups and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs). Multilateral diplomacy was trying to get used to to these new circumstances. Several issues were escalating ‘multilateral diplomacy’ in Europe – such as scientific, economic, anti political matters are worldwide and enormous in extent (Anderson 1993, pg. 106). They are outstripping the age-old means by which European regime managed them. The signing of the Peace of Westphalia reinforced by the treaty of Utrecht in 1713, founded the theory of nationwide control, thus placing the nations of Europe on equivalent lawful balance (Clive 1999, pg. 689). This concept of self-governing equivalence – awarding each state with protective honour and the right to carry out domestic and overseas dealings without outer involvement – symbolizes the initial real ordering code amongst nations. After Westphalia, ‘decentralized control by self-governing states’ (Falk 1969, p. 69) gave the foundation of straight international order essential to the following expansion of worldwide organization.

Humanities-issues in science and societies 3b Essay

Humanities-issues in science and societies 3b - Essay Example Notably, the cost of the GM seed is twice or thrice the cost of the non-biotech seeds. Nevertheless, it is evident that the adoption of this biotechnology is by far high in industrialized countries than in the developing ones. Research indicates that almost 91% of the global fields planted by the GM seeds are concentrated in six foremost industrialized countries. They include Canada, Argentina, United States of America, Paraguay, Brazil and Uruguay. Further analysis shows that, USA alone contributes to 54% of the total GM food supply worldwide while the rest countries generate a total of 80%. There are several factors have contributed to this disparity and; therefore, the case presented is more likely to dominate unless otherwise stated (Miller & Lentz 240). Therefore, this paper seeks to show how political agendas in the untapped markets, problematic stands and uncertainties in health, high economic costs, and uncertainties in markets contribute to the disparity in GM seeds sold to industrialized countries and developing countries. It has been of considerable concern on the level industrialized countries have taken the privilege in exploiting the potential grounds in developing countries. Inadequate resources hinder the development of bio-technology in the developing countries. This hindrance is also as a result of inadequate transparency on the significance and the stages of implementing GM food production methods. A close observation of Africa, for instance, forms the basis of these politically inclined agendas. As a result of severe drought and resilience of the pests, the international corporations have strongly indulged in claiming eminent ability of crop yields in these zones. In the course of implementing this system of food production, there emerges opposition even when these corporations are willing to donate them (Koch & Askeland 180). Private companies and other foundation are in the hype of

The Role of God in the Lives of Bradford and the Puritans Essay Example for Free

The Role of God in the Lives of Bradford and the Puritans Essay A critical review of the history of Plymouth Plantation by William Bradford will quickly reveal the main idea which the author intends for the readers. The idea is basically centered within the struggles of the puritans as well as their achievements, all of which were deeply propagated in their utmost belief in God as a sole provider. Thus, Bradford narrates these events with the aim of compelling future generations to align their values with those of the puritans. Consequently, the author believes that through his narrations the readers will come to terms with the supreme nature of God when it comes to helping anybody who is helplessly constrained by huge obstacles as long as the victim maintains his or her faith in God. In more expressive terms, the author points at the totality in which the puritans owed their life events to God as he writes. Being thus arrived in a good harbor and brought safe to land, they fell upon their knees and blessed the God of heaven, who had brought them over the vast and furious ocean, and delivered them from all the perils and miseries thereof, againe to set their feete on the firme and stable earth, their proper element. (30-31) In these words the author portrays the Puritans belief that it was God’s deed that brought about their safe arrival to Cape Harbor after a terrible storm and other stream of obstacles. To their belief, all the constraints they encountered were the will of God and the reason for these occurrences were best known to Him. Thus, God is the sole reason for several occurrences that effect people lives in different ways. The Puritans, as Bradford narrated, were always weary of the belief that not having total faith in God as well not being selfless can lead to God’s wrath and consequent punishment. It is with this regard that lead to the Puritans belief that God’s goodwill in sparing their lives was as a result of there selfless service to the ill while in the boat. Hence, those who cared for the ill were protected by God and their lives were spared. On the other hand, the sailors who played nonchalant attitude and thus did not care for the ill became ill themselves and consequently died of the ailment. These, according to the Puritans were all accountable to God’s will. In conclusion, the role of God in the life of the Puritans was that of total guardians in returns for an unquestionable faith in his will. Thus they were able to overcome many tough challenges on both land and sea. The author himself seems to be inclined to these views as he wrote. Let them therefore praise the Lord, because he is good, and his mercies endure for ever. Yea, let them which have been redeemed of the Lord, show how he hath delivered them from the hand of the oppressor. When they wandered in the deserte [and] willdernes out of the way, and found no citie to dwell in, both hungrie, and thirstie, their soul was overwhelmed in them (31). Cited Works Bradfords History Of Plimoth Plantation. Boston: Secretary of the Commonwealth. 1900

An enquiry into the use of Assessment for Learning

An enquiry into the use of Assessment for Learning Since the Education Reform Act (1988), introduced national testing to monitor school standards of education assessment has continued to play a major part in the educational delivery in schools. Assessment encompasses all aspects of teaching that measure the level of teaching through students understanding and achievement. Assessment is not just end of year examinations but an on-going process that should be present in teaching at all times in order for lessons to be effective. Through several studies (Assessment Reform Group (ARG), 2002; Black et al, 2003; Clark, 2005) it has become evident that through careful planning of assessment it is possible to promote students learning and motivation, by using a more formative approach as opposed to high stakes testing of summative assessment. It is often noted that teachers ask questions to check students understanding of the lesson but take a simple acknowledgement as a valid indication that learning has occurred. Students are often not confident or willing to identify themselves as not understanding. It is therefore important for teachers to carefully plan strategies for assessment both formative and summative to identify what students have learnt to plan for future lessons (Capel, Leask Turner, 2009). It is important to consider different formative assessment methods and their suitability to the learning objectives or particular learning styles of students. Kyriacou (1998) suggested that supporting learning activities with assessment should be of a more subtle approach. This enquiry will focus on various methods of AfL that can be employed by a teacher in order to raise students attainment, motivation towards learning and engagement throughout lessons. AfL plays a key role in teaching and pupils learning, providing continual feedback to students on their level of attainment, where they are succeeding and where they need to improve, giving them information on how to progress further. Through AfL, we as teachers provide continual advice and feedback in the forms of positive reinforcement to constructive dialogue through questioning, to enable students to demonstrate a deeper understanding of the subject promoting cognitive development. This study will focus on the use of AfL within the chosen unit of work as the Office for Standards and education (Ofsted) (2005, 2008a) identified, AfL as the weakest part of teaching and learning, in particular a weak area for student physical education teachers (Ofsted, 2003). It is of key Importance as a student teac her to understand the application of AfL, as several studies have identified that the use of assessment is key in developing future learning opportunities having an impact not just on their attainment but also their attitude to learning, their engagement with the school subjects and their motivation to do well (Black and William, 2001; Black et al., 2003). This enquiry will focus on the delivery of a year 7 boys dance scheme of work delivered over six lessons. When planning the unit of work several factors including knowledge of the learners ability, my knowledge of the subject, curriculum knowledge and pedagogical knowledge were all identified as aspects of a teachers personal subject construct. It is important as a teacher to not allow your personal constructs and views of a subject to exclude pupils with different views, (Banks et al., 1999 cited in Capel, Leask Turner 2009). A framework was provided by the school indicating the learning objectives for each lesson and progression over the unit of work. Through discussion with members of staff with previous experience of delivering the unit of work it helped to increase my subject knowledge and ideas for possible learning activities to incorporate into my lessons. The study school had a well-structured pupil assessment strategy modelled from the national curriculum level descriptors (appendix 1), which was key in designing learning objectives and provided a clear indication of what the students should be working towards. With this information and a brief overview of the classes ability it was possible to start designing the learning objectives for the unit of work. It was important to ensure that my learning objectives were varied across the key processes of physical education to ensure students could demonstrate and develop a variety of skills not merely there physical ability as Ofsted (2002 cited in Cap el) raised concern over the weakness in pupils skills of observation and evaluation due to limited opportunity to develop these skills.. The study school had a big focus on incorporating learning objectives into normal lessons based on Personal Learning and Thinking Skills (PLTS) to develop these skills as well as a focus on PLTS in year 7. They clearly understand the importance of raising students abilities as team workers, independent enquirers, reflective learners, independent enquirers, creative thinkers, self-managers and effective participants in order for students to access the curriculum and progress with greater success as laid out by the PLTS National Curriculum Framework (QCDA 2011). When planning to integrate AfL into lessons it is key to acknowledge the ten research based principles of AfL identified by the ARG (2002) into classroom based practice (Appendix 2). As suggested by Black et al (2003) the implementation of specific assessment strategies can increase students learning, increase motivation and enthusiasm towards a subject. Spackman (2002 cited in Capel and Whitehead 2010) identified four characteristics of AfL in relation to physical education as shared learning objectives, questioning, feedback and pupil peer and self-assessment. The sequence of lessons were planned to incorporate an aspect of all four assessment strategies to ensure all students were provided with an opportunity to gain a further understanding of their learning and to provide a wider spectrum of tools to identify students level of ability. Each lesson was structured in three phases, the initial being the identification of a new skill or recall of previously learnt skills providing o pportunity for sharing learning objectives and questioning, the second phase would be a performance where students would practice ad rehearse the newly learnt skill under the teachers guidance which provided opportunity for feedback, questioning and self/ peer assessment and finally the third phase of appreciation where students would focus on peer assessment providing feedback to each other. The lessons focused on the key processes identified in the Key stage 3 National Curriculum for Physical Education. Throughout the delivery of lessons it was not always possible to follow the unit of work as students had not always made sufficient progress to move onto the next learning phase. Therefore lessons were modified based on the previous learning that had occurred to continue the progression smoothly and to ensure learning objectives were not too demanding for the learners. The importance of AfL in forming objectives for learning was emphasised in a report by Ofsted where the chief inspector wrote: Accurate assessment is used to identify focused objectives for learning and is a basis for choosing suitably challenging tasks and resources (Ofsted, 2007). Through the delivery and observation of the first lesson it was clearly identified that effective questioning was used to recap on learning from previous lessons, to ensure student understanding of learning tasks, and to assess students understanding and accomplishment of learning objectives. It is important to question a variety of students not always the ones with hands up as several studies have suggested adopting a no hands up policy in which all students are then required to formulate an answer as to the teacher will pick randomly and to ensure students understand that the an incorrect answer is part of learning and they should not be afraid to ask questions themselves to gain clarity. This also provided opportunity for students to discuss with their peers to formulate a possible answer which is beneficial for learning to occur (DfES, 2007). Other research identified that questions needed to be related back to the learning objectives, and to use more open ended questions as sugg ested by Clarke (2005). Although there was opportunity for peer assessment in the appreciation phase of the lesson this needed to be refined with the use of assessment criteria as identified by Latham (1992 cited in Mawer 1999, pp 242) who noted that in order for peer assessment to work pupils need help in focusing on the specific areas of a skill or process to be assessed. This was later supported by Loose Abrahams (1993 cited in Mawer 1999, pp 242) who identified that pupils need clear instruction on what to focus on when assessing as shown in the example assessment sheet, (Appendix 3). Over the course of the following lessons the use of questioning significantly improved combining the use of open ended and directed questioning to recall prior learnt information and assess the students level of understanding as suggested by Clarke (2005). Learning Objectives were shared with students and discussed at the beginning of the lesson, however the use of questioning could be improved to re-iterate the learning objectives throughout the lesson. Several strategies were used to promote self/peer assessment. One involved students completing a self-assessment sheet (Appendix 4) to identify what they had learnt in prior lessons and also to evaluate what they learnt by the end of the lesson, using a traffic light system for each question as an alternative questioning method to allow greater classroom involvement (Clarke, 2005). Although the content of this assessment has the potential to be a valuable tool it needed to be pitched at a more suitable level to work. Due to the stude nts lack of understanding as to why they were doing it, their ability level and learning style the teaching strategy did not match the leaners personality or information processing level as suggested by Harvey, Hunt and Schroders (1961 cited in Mawer 1999, pp 143) Conceptual systems theory. Based on this research it was noted that maybe due to their low conceptual complexity in terms of information processing they required a simplified system supported by a more structured approach from the teacher as they had not yet developed the capability to generate ideas in a low structured environment (Joyce and Weil, 1986 cited in Mawer 1999, pp 144). This is supported by further research that identified that formative assessment can only work if students are trained in the skills of self-assessment and questioning so they understand why they are doing it and what they need to do to achieve (Black William 2001). As the National Curriculum key stage 3 (assessment pack) states it is at KS3 wh ere students start to take initiative and make decisions for themselves and PLTS are introduced, therefore a careful balance between more structured direct and non-direct teaching styles is needed until these skills are embedded. The use of the traffic light system also provide the teacher with the opportunity to level the class and split the students into groups of differing ability and work on differentiated tasks (Appendix 5). Students were provided with opportunity to assess and provide feedback with the use of video cameras to record and analyse their performance. It was important to provide instruction on what the students should be looking for with reference to the learning objectives when peer assessing as suggested by Loose Abrahams (1993 cited in Mawer 1999, pp. ). The study later identified through observations that when lesson objectives were shared with the class it was important to consider students learning styles, when providing information and guidance on what they might be looking to observe and demonstrate in order for students to achieve the desired learning outcomes. The teacher adopted the Visual, Auditory or Kinaesthetic (VAK) construct (Dryden Vos, 2001 cited in Capel, Leask and Turner, 2009 , pp.262), to implement when planning and delivering (Appendix 5). Throughout lessons various stimuli were used including visual aids by displaying learning objectives, posters and using video footage (Appendix 5). The teacher incorporated practical demonstrations to explain what they were looking for as opposed to the earlier descriptively heavy verbal instructions, providing students with more time to actually rehearse and practise the new skills and more time working collaboratively in groups. Through observation it was evident that the use of video footage and practical demonstration had a large impact on the students understanding when used to identify learning goals (appendix 5). As research suggests it is of particular help when learning outcomes are shared in a format that the pupils can understand (ARG, 2002; Black et al; 2003; Clarke, 2005). The use of video recording and ICT was also used to provide students with the chance to watch their own performances allowing opportunity for peer self-assessment. It is important for students to be able to assess themselves and others in order to have a clear picture of how to move forward and achieve (Black Williams 2001). For effective learning to take place teachers must carefully plan structured opportunities for students to develop the skills needed to comprehend a task, analyse feedback, self-assess their performance and be creative in solving problems through the use of AfL. As often as possible learning opportunities should be delivered with consideration of the students learning style for the greatest level of understanding to occur. The implementation of visual aids especially the use of ICT had a big impact on the students comprehension of tasks and motivation towards learning new skills, developing their ability to analyse a performance and provide structured feedback to their peers. It is clear that Spackmans (2002) four characteristics of AfL provide a basis for planning and implementing AfL strategies but further planning needs to go into how each characteristic is delivered within a lesson to cater for various academic abilities and learning styles. By including an aspect of all the char ateristics in a lesson you are able to motivate, enthuse and help drive students forward. The key to successful teaching comes from the use of AfL on a daily basis to ensure students know what they are trying to learn by sharing learning objectives, helping students recognise success by sharing learning outcomes, providing a success criteria and identify the reasoning as to why they are learning it (DfES, 2007). It is also important to consider that this must be communicated in a way that is understood by the student (ARG, 2002; Black et al; 2003; Clarke,2005). In future planning the use of questioning needs to be carefully evaluated and planned to provide opportunity for higher order thinking in line with Blooms Taxonomy. Learning Objectives, outcomes and feedback all need to be provided in a language and format that the learners can access, whether it be verbal through use of pictures or video analysis. It is of utmost importance to ensure students are developing the learning and thinking skills in lessons to allow them to access their education alongside the academic objectives of lessons. Word Count: 2448 Reference List Assessment Reform Group (ARG) (2002) Testing, motivation and learning [online] Cambridge: University of Cambridge Faculty of Education. Available from: http://www.assessment-reform-group.org/TML%20BOOKLET%20complete.pdf [Accessed 5th January 2011] Black, P., Harrison, C., Lee, C., Marshall, B. and Wiliam, D (2003) Assessment for Learning: Putting it into Practice, Maidenhead: Open University Press. Black, P., and Wiliam, D. (2001). Inside the Black Box, [online] London: Kings College. Available from: http://weaeducation.typepad.co.uk/files/blackbox-1.pdf Clarke, S., (2005) Formative Assessment in Action: Weaving the Elements Together. Lon don: Hodder and Stoughton. Department for Education Skills (DfES) (2007) Assessment for Learning 8 Schools Project Report. [online] London: DfES Available from: http://c97.e2bn.net/e2bn/leas/c99/schools/c97/accounts/english/homepage/Assessment/documents/AfL/8%20schools.pdf Ofsted (2003) Quality and Standards in Secondary Initial Teacher Training (HMI 546) [online] London: GreenShires Print Group. Available from: http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/Ofsted-home/Publications-and-research/Browse-all-by/Education/Teachers-and-teacher-training/Routes-into-teaching/Quality-and-standards-in-secondary-initial-teacher-training [Accessed February 2011] Ofsted (2005) The Secondary National Strategy: An Evaluation of the Fifth Year (HMI 2612) [online] Available from: http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/Ofsted-home/Publications-and-research/Browse-all-by/Education/Providers/Secondary-schools/The-Secondary-National-Strategy [Accessed February 2011] Ofsted (2008) Evaluation of the Primary and Secondary National Strategies 2005-2007 (HMI 070033) [online] Available from: http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/Ofsted-home/Publications-and-research/Browse-all-by/Documents-by-type/Thematic-reports/Evaluation-of-the-Primary-and-Secondary-National-Strategies Ofsted (2007) The Annual Report of Her Majestys Chief Inspector of Education, Childrens Services and Skills 2006/07, (HMI 20070035) [online] Available from: http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/Ofsted-home/Publications-and-research/Browse-all-by/Annual-Report/2006-07/The-Annual-Report-of-Her-Majesty-s-Chief-Inspector-2006-07 [Accessed February 2011] http://curriculum.qcda.gov.uk/key-stages-3-and-4/skills/personal-learning-and-thinking-skills/index.aspx).

Marketisation of Education Analysis

Marketisation of Education Analysis Marketization of education refers to privatization of the education industry in the process of providing educative services. Economic advantage is the main driving force for the emergence of this style of education. An instance involves the period 1998, where the government published a report comparing the GCSE and Standard Assessment Tests of Schools giving parents a choice between different competing schools (Bates, 2011; Friedman, 2003). This meant that Schools performing well attracted high number of parents, resulting to increased revenues from fees. In analyzing this aspect of education, my key concern is if this process meets the objective of providing the best educative services, and an equal opportunity for students. To answer this question, we need to identify and analyze the concerns of this aspect of the education system, and inclusion is economic revolution. Economic revolution came as a result of industrial revolution in Europe, and it brought changes in the systems of governance making economic gains an issue in evolution of education. Friedman (2003) in his analysis of Marketization of education agrees with this notion. He argues that the evolution of this style of education is as a result of the liberalization of the structures of government including economic structures (Friedman, 2003). Liberalism is an aspect of governance which Karl Marx, many centuries ago predicted will limit the interference of government in the provision of education services. The concepts of economics as a motivator to marketization of education are highly criticized by Lauder (2006). In Lauderà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s analysis, he argues that economic factors have replaced the learning aspects of education to more material oriented learning processes, whereby schools concentrate on how they can achieve customer satisfaction as opposed to impartation of knowledge and skills (Lauder, 2006). This happened because of decentralization of the structures of government, and less regulation of the education system due to liberalization of the economy where organizations are allowed to offer services without regulation from the government (Dewey, 1998). Lauder further argues that marketization of education arose due to the emergence of the class system. Parents from rich backgrounds saw the need of taking their children to special schools, because they offered quality education than state schools (Lauder et al, 1999). This aspect caused rift between the rich and the poor in the educative process in terms of acquisition of knowledge. Bates et al (2011) and Kishan (2008) observe that parents with low income struggle to take their children to state schools, and this accelerates the process of social segregation. In socialist states, education is controlled by the government and it develops school curriculums which are strictly followed. This is as opposed to the liberalized states such as America and Britain. The European Research institute of education conducted a research on marketization of education in Europe. They found that the state had lost its ability to regulate the education system in Europe (Kishan, 2008). This proves that governance and politics are the main motivators of this approach to education, and not economics. Another aspect of marketization of education is the changing needs of the society that the education system needed to address. This issue is vague in its description, because education is age old, and issues affecting the society are the same. Lauder (2006) agrees with this notion and notes that the education system concerns itself with impartation of skills necessary for an individual to survive in the world. This was the objectives of the education system in the former centuries, the needs of the society is always the same, but how to solve such needs differ. The main needs of the society are survival in a fierce competitive environment, and an education system that offers mechanisms and skills to survive in such an environment is welcome. Government schools also offer such skills and those who argue that this style of education emerged due to changes in the needs of the populace are misguided. The schooling system has evolved to an extent that business organizations make a commercial presence in schools, and this is evidenced by the commercial advertisements on teaching materials. On this notion, educative services are seen as a business opportunity. To Friedman, marketization of education arose due to the need of allowing free flow of education. Friedman notes that the combination of marketization, liberalization and privatization in the education sector ensures that the development prosperity and cooperation is achieved in the world, because information is shared freely. Without marketization of education, Friedman argues that government institutions can interfere with the process of free flow of information (Friedman, 2003; Bates, 2011). Lauder (2006), argues against this system of education and maintains that marketization of education is a replacement of instructive thoughts to economic thoughts. He argues that instead of preparing students for social and personal development, the education system concerns itself with aspects of client satisfaction, cost effectiveness and competitiveness. Bridgehouse (2011) asserts that marketization of education has resulted into the neglect of children with special needs for schools and focuses on how to minimize costs (p.32). This is because schools aim at profit making and see the need of hiring specialized staff as costly. In conclusion, Marketization of education is the emerging trend of education system in the world but it does not provide equity in the provision of educative services. The poor are disadvantaged and due to lack of economic might, their children do not have an access to high cost schools which have superior teaching resources as compared to state schools where majority of economically disadvantaged parents take their children. This inequality in the education system develops the class system brought about by industrial revolution. Schools do not concentrate in imparting skills to their students instead; they are concerned with profit making and client satisfaction at the expense of offering knowledge. Government should regulate the education system and ensure quality education is offered at all levels of the education system by state and private schools. Bibliography: Bates, J,.Lewis, Sue and Pickard, Andy.(2011). Education Policy, Practice and Professional.Continuum: Continuum International Publishers. Friedman, M. I. (2003). Educators handbook on effective testing. Columbia, SC: InstituteforEvidence-Based Decision-Making in Education. Bridgehouse, H. ( 2007). On Education.United States of America: Routledge Publishers. Kishan, N. R. (2008). Privatization of education. New Delhi: A.P.H Pub. Corp.. Lauder, H. (2006).Education, globalization, and social change. Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress. Lauder, H and Hughes, D ., eds ( 1999). Trading in Futures, Why Markets in Education Donà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t Work.Buckingham: Open University Press. Ozmon, H., Craver, S. M. (1986).Philosophical foundations of education (3rd ed.). Columbus: Merrill Pub. Co.. SAMPLE PAPER 2 Experiential Learning Name: Course Code: Professor: Date of Submission: Many learning institutions have introduced the concept of learning through experience, referred to as experiential learning. This process of learning can either be dramatic or open and it was advocated by scholars such as Aristotle and Kolb. To Aristotle, learning to do things through experience is better than learning through teaching (Curren, 2000). While, Kolb defines experiential learning as a process that involves real life experience in acquisition of knowledge and skills, its elements are experience, observation, reflection and experimentation (Ozmon and Craver, 1986). In Experiential learning, the question is, does it require the guidance of a practioner for learning to take place? Practioners are always necessary in any process of learning, and experiential learning is not an exception. To acquire new knowledge from experience, an individual has to have problem solving skills which enable him/ her to make decisions. This skill is essential to enable a student to apply skills gained through the experience undergone while learning (Maxwell, 2011). Experience as an issue in experiential learning is not the main factor that a student can acquire knowledge from. To Aristotle, passing through experience, acquiring skills and inability to implement the skills gained is not the objective of education. By learning, a student has to acquire the ability to apply skills gained in real life situations and challenges (Curren, 2000). The applicative part of skill acquisition is the problem and for a student to implement a skill, he/she needs guidance and this normally comes from the practitioners. The idea of learning through experience has a long historical perspective and it is John Dewey who proposed it. Dewey (1998) states that experience is an integral part of learning; and practitioners play an important role in this process, to ensure students are able to apply knowledge gained from an experience in different perspectives of their lives. This notion of Dewey, clearly agrees with my views of experimentation as an aspect of experiential learning. It is necessary for practitioners to introduce the curriculum when students are taken to the outdoor learning with supervision from educators; this would allow students to learn from a series of real life adventures. Dewey (1998) in his analysis of experiential learning observes that reflection must occur in this process. Students must engage actively in the learning, and reflect on the experience to grasp the new ideas instilled. Its only after effective reflection that skills are acquired. Reflection as an issue of experiential learning is not beneficial without supervision. There are many aspects of reflective tendencies during the process of experiential learning. However, it has some drawback (Palmer and Cooper, 2003); student will not think deeper into the meaning of the experience passed as he/she might take it as play attained. It might involve lack of concentration from the student. According to Kolb, learning is a multidimensional process (Palmer and Cooper, 2003) and it involves four stages that are to experience, observe, reflect and experiment. Kolb advocates for supervision of a learner during the process of reflection. After a period of time, learning will have taken place as students had gained an educative experience with useful guides given from the practitioners. The reason is that constantly, the student will reflect on the experience he/she has just gained and consider the advice given from the practitioners (Maxwell et al, 2011).This process of experiential learning requires a practitioner at all stage to facilitate studentà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s learning. Therefore practitioners play an important role and their input should not be neglected. Experiential learning was formally recognized as a field of education in 1970s and a great achievement for advocators of experiential learning was made in 1977 when the association of experiential education was established (Palmer and Cooper, 2003). It is in the 20th Century that educating through experience has been appreciated as a vital foundation of the learning process and it was precipitated by the work of John Dewey in 1998.The ideas of experiential learning are relevant to the concepts of adult learning. David Kolb (Palmer and Cooper, 2003) argue that experiential learning is a four stage process and he identifies Dewey as the main pioneer of this learning system. Kolb (Palmer and Cooper, 2003) discusses experience and reflection as issues in experiential learning. He gives an analysis of the steps of experiential learning which are experience; observation, reflection and experimentation. To Kolb, experience and reflection are necessary for learning to take place but with guidance of a practitioner while to Dewey, the guidance of a practioner is not necessary (Dewey, 1998).However, Rousseau Palmer et al, 2003) state experiential learning is an important aspect of education and notes that education comes from nature, men and environmental surroundings thus everything plays an important role in the impartation of knowledge. Rousseau argues a child obtains passivity by being taught and resent from punishment and therefore the best way for a child to learn is through experience which allows him to see the consequences of his actions. To Rousseau, experience coupled with tutorship is the best form of education since passivity in learning will be removed and therefore leaning becomes a process of mutual understanding and consent (Ozmon and Craver, 1986). Experiential learning has been adopted in the curriculum in many schools across the country. The new curriculum emphasizes the importance of children learning through experience and thereby developing skills from out of class activities. It is used to denote various models and due to the differences of value and thoughts, educators develop curriculums and programs that fit their understanding of experiential learning. To gain knowledge and skills in the process of experiential leaning, guidance given from practitioners to student is necessary. Practitioners must be trained in all aspects of education in order to be skillful in applying knowledge acquired through experiences in their practice.

Hamlet - A Eulogy Essay -- essays research papers

Dearest friends, family and the people of Denmark. We gather here today to mourn the loss of the noble prince, loyal son and true friend, Prince Hamlet. But we are not here only to mourn, but to reminisce the times we have spent with him, both the good and the bad and to remember him as the person he was. Prince Hamlet did not live a very fortunate, on the contrary his final weeks were filled with a tragedy none of us should have to bear, but he lived his life to the full and I am sure that he has, in some way touched the lives of all of us here today. Hamlet passed away young, a mere 30 years of age, and I sincerely regret that I will never be able to see such a fine young man take command of the throne and restore nobility to the state of Denmark. He was the son of the great King Hamlet, one of the best kings this country has ever seen, and Queen Gertrude, our countries finest lady who has also now sadly passed away. I am sure that all of you here today looked up to Hamlet as a fine young prince, but I knew him as much more than that. To me he was the best friend a man could have, loyal, witty, and extremely trustworthy. I remember the days back when we studied together in Wittenberg, we spent a lot of time together and he was always there to support and help me. He was always cheerful but quiet and had a quick wit, which fascinated me. Hamlet delighted in â€Å"flashes of merriment that were wont to set the table in a roar.† His ability to read my mind always astounded me, al...

Panopticism Essay -- Essay on Panopticism

In his essay â€Å"Panopticism,† Michel Foucault introduces the Panopticon structure as proof of modern society tending toward efficient disciplinary mechanisms. Starting with his example of the strict, intensely organized measures that are taken in a typical 17th-century plague-stricken town, Foucault describes how the town employed constant surveillance techniques, centralized a hierarchy of authorities to survey households, partitioned individual structures to impose certain behavior, and record current information about each individual. As society has progressed, Foucault explains, these practices have expanded into other institutions such as hospitals, schools, prisons and asylums. Bentham’s Panopticon embodies such disciplinary techniques. Inside a tall, central tower amidst the many cells, a surveyor can see all the inhabitants â€Å"without ever being seen† (Foucault 376). The individuals are aware they that may be observed at the moment, but cannot ever be sure. This implementation of power is thus greatly effective because it reduces the amount of people needed to operate the system, while maximizing the number of people it can watch over. Power becomes more economic to maintain. Intervention, and even better, prevention, can be exercised. Panopticism is not the link between power and function, says Foucault, but rather â€Å"it is a way of making power relations function in a function† (381); that is, power and function do not operate discretely, but within each other... Panopticism Essay -- Essay on Panopticism In his essay â€Å"Panopticism,† Michel Foucault introduces the Panopticon structure as proof of modern society tending toward efficient disciplinary mechanisms. Starting with his example of the strict, intensely organized measures that are taken in a typical 17th-century plague-stricken town, Foucault describes how the town employed constant surveillance techniques, centralized a hierarchy of authorities to survey households, partitioned individual structures to impose certain behavior, and record current information about each individual. As society has progressed, Foucault explains, these practices have expanded into other institutions such as hospitals, schools, prisons and asylums. Bentham’s Panopticon embodies such disciplinary techniques. Inside a tall, central tower amidst the many cells, a surveyor can see all the inhabitants â€Å"without ever being seen† (Foucault 376). The individuals are aware they that may be observed at the moment, but cannot ever be sure. This implementation of power is thus greatly effective because it reduces the amount of people needed to operate the system, while maximizing the number of people it can watch over. Power becomes more economic to maintain. Intervention, and even better, prevention, can be exercised. Panopticism is not the link between power and function, says Foucault, but rather â€Å"it is a way of making power relations function in a function† (381); that is, power and function do not operate discretely, but within each other...

A Description of Cultural Patterns Essay

Cultural patterns are described as the preferred set of responses to different life situations. According to Kluckhohn and Strodbeck’s description of cultural patterns there are 5 dimensions or elements that address the manner in which a culture orients itself to activities, social relations, the self, the world and the passage of time. In the following reflection I will identify each one of these dimensions with the cultural patterns shown in my country. Starting with the activity orientation, which defines how the people of a culture view human actions and the expression of self through activities, we can identify the Puerto Rican culture as a â€Å"becoming† one. A â€Å"becoming† orientation refers to people who are predisposed to think of ways to change themselves as a means of changing the world. Although I do not fully agree on this identifying the Puerto Rican culture, I do agree on other views that the â€Å"becoming† cultures have toward work and play. For example Puerto Ricans do not have a â€Å"clear-cut† separation between work and their social lives. Often you can go into an office and find employees chatting with each other, talking with relatives over the phone or talking about their private lives in a business meeting. The Puerto Rican culture is more relaxed in terms of work compared to the Mexican, Colombian or European American culture, we specifically work for a means to an end and appreciate every second of our leisure time. The social relations dimension describes how the people in a culture organize themselves and refer to one another. In Puerto Rico the degree of importance we place on formality has changed through the years as different generations modify the way we address people. For example teenagers often refer to their elders as â€Å"you† instead of â€Å"sir† or they will say to someone who is serving them â€Å"give me† instead ofâ€Å"may I have†. The Puerto Rican culture generally does not give much importance to tittles, as they believe that relationships best develop when those involved can address informally to one another. Another thing that cultural patterns prescribe are the social interactions people have between them. In the Puerto Rican culture we have African heritage so it’s no surprise when both our cultures prefer indirectness in conversations with other people of our country but do not require an intermediary to do so. Generally, people in Puerto Rico will â€Å"sugar coat† demands or favors in conversations as a way to ask for something but in a indirect approach so the person won’t perceive us as rude or ill mannered. The self-orientation of cultural patterns describes how people’s identities are formed, whether the culture views the self as changeable, what motivates individual actions, and the kinds people who are valued and respected. Puerto Ricans can easily associate with each other, as our individual self-definition is very similar. On the contrary of the European American culture, Puerto Ricans make decisions for their children based on traditions, values and what they believe to be best for them. Although individuals make their own decisions as they mature and grow up when we evaluate from a group perspective it can be said that there is a heightened sense of interdependence and what happens to the group happens to the person. An example of this can be shown in cultural linguistic tendencies, as individuals modify their usual language others do so as well; also the fact that when national catastrophes occur everyone feels identified with the loss or the pain of the others. Because Puerto Rico is such a small island it is almost predictable that individuals can associate their identity with others from the same country even if there is a social status, age, town etc. aspect that differs between them. One of the most interesting dimensions is the world orientation, which tells people how to allocate themselves in relation to the spiritual world, nature and other living things. As we know Puerto Rico has different heritages because of the cultures that have influenced us trough the colonizing process, so it is not strange that our spirituality relates mostly to the European American beliefs. The general belief in our culture is that human beings can prevent, postpone or overcome natural events such as earthquakes by making buildings stronger, finding cures for illnesses and prolonging the time of death of a sick person. As technology constantly â€Å"improves† individuals believe they have the power to control nature instead of nature controlling them. Despite the fact that we are most influenced by this belief we still have the Latino influence which leads us to believe that we will be measured by our actions in the spiritual world where our souls will rest. The final approach of these cultural patterns is the time orientation, which can be defined as the way individuals conceptualize time. The cultural frame to which the Puerto Ricans relate is the Latino; even though we do not think time is endless we don’t take time as seriously. That is the reason why people are constantly late for everything, from a birthday party to work and even to Sunday mass. Time is mostly seen as ongoing and useful to maintain order, but not of the utmost importance. Analyzing these cultural patterns one can have a more accurate sense of how culture determines the identity of a country and how things like the importance of work and social time can influence so deeply the way a whole culture behaves. Also it gives you the opportunity to compare and contrast with other countries and learn how other people can have a completely different share of values and see life in such a contrasting way. Most importantly I believe that by studying these cultural patterns one can be more sensible to other people’s needs and have more respect for their culture instead of wanting to impose ours.

Online Communication

Online Communication is used every day in most of our lives. We communicate with family, friends, colleagues, etc via Social Network Sites and Email. Our Employers use Online Communication to relay messages, train in product lines and hold meetings just to name a few. Just like our Employers and ourselves, colleges have begun to offer online education to its students. This form of learning enables the students to enroll in a class and do assignments, reading, writing, and tests via online communication. There are two benefits to online learning.The most important benefit of online learning is the flexibility that is given to the student taking the class. In this day and time there are many people working full time jobs, raising children and still pursuing a degree. Online education provides the ability for the student to study, test, write, etc on their time. The online student doesn’t have to rework his/her work schedule since they can proceed through the course at their pace and on their time. Flexibility is the most important benefit of online learning. The second benefit of online learning is the knowledge the student is getting of the computer.Not only is the student learning the coursework they are enrolled in but they are also learning how to maneuver the computer and its processes. Since every business, company, school, etc uses computers then it is important that all university students develop a decent knowledge of the computer. This can be done in an online course. Flexibility and Knowledge are just two benefits of online learning. Having a flexible school schedule and learning the basic uses of computers and the course programs are just a few of the benefits of taking an online class.

Action plan for PV Technologies †when they asleep at the switch Essay

Problems / Issues faced by the PV Technologies: As per the information from Sales Manager Mr.Salvatori, PVT might lose the contract against SOMA energy and BJ Solar from the bidding, which is one of the high visibility project conducted by Solenergy Development LLC who won to construct a PV solar energy Power Plant. Mr. Greg Morgan – Chief Engineer conducted the evaluation of the bidders and the assumed outcome is that PVT will be out of the running potential supplier because of the price compared to other bidder though the quality of the product is incomparable. If PVT loses this contract then its reputation and position in the Market Place are at stake as the announcement might through a press conference. Action Plan for PVT: 1. Competitor analysis – We should never underestimate the competitor and should analyse competitor before we bid or approach for any kind of order. They should know what are their offerings, price structure, services offered, value offered and geographic location. 2. Increase Marketing Efforts: The major disadvantage of PVTs lacking in reaching or communicating their product line and service to the clients/customer. They should start PR activities to improve their reach and increase their client relationship as well as customer base. In today’s market they should not rely on only the quality, Sales people contacts and services offered to the customer, rather advertisement / PR activities should drive the customer to approach PVT . There should be a proper line of communication credible source of information and proper way of communication (Internal and external) is needed. 3. Line of Communication: They should also not rely on the information by the sales people which made them react even when the source of information was unethical. Losing a customer like Solar Energy will put their reputation in trouble in the industry. Plan of action to win the  current bidding Since the management is concerned about the decision taken by Solenergy, they should have a casual talk with Morgan and know the exact situation of the bidding. Recommendation for PVT would be to offer its new product, accelerate the introduction of their new 1.25MW model which is 98.5% efficiency. Introducing this new product, might be appealing for Solenergy in all means like efficiency, reliability, service and most importantly price of the inverter which is much lesser than the competitor. Choosing other options like extending warranty to 20 years or offering 99% uptime guarantee at no cost will lead to a lot of disadvantages to PVT to sustain in the market and for future orders as well. Disadvantage by offering Option1: †¢   Solenergy will have to pay a high price upfront. †¢   Though the quality of the PVT inverter is reliable still PVT will have to increase manpower for the purpose of maintenance. †¢   This option will lead to additional expenses and more complications in the future.   Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚   Offering this option dilute the market (by increasing the service offered will increase the expectation from customer for every order) and will affect future orders too. Disadvantage by offering Option 2: †¢Ã‚  Unexpected cost from the failure of the product ( due to Climate condition / economic factor / Power source ) can put PVT into huge loss. †¢Ã‚  Increasing manpower only for the purpose of maintenance. †¢ Margin in this offering is also very low for PVT. Orders should not be taken for the sake of reputation. †¢ Market will get diluted Overall the competitors can also offer these options (Option 1 and Option 2 – Annexure 1 and 2), as they want to enter the market. Since it will reach a broader segment of people, it will be a value addition for the competitor to offer the same (alternatives), enter the market and acquire a new client. The competitor’s revenue can also increase for the year. By offering a new product (Option 3) they can regain top standard and reputation, and possibly close the deal with them. However, they need to think of a way in which the acceleration of this product will not hurt them financially and can still be delivered to Solenergy on time and possibly reduce the manufacturing cost. Solenergy too can claim that they were the first ones to employ the latest technology and the most robust management system. The advantage by offering Option 3 will be that competitor cannot offer a new highly efficient product in such a short span of time. Since PVT is known for its Research and development and product innovation, this would be the ideal option for winning this bid. Drivers for Renewable energy: Key factors for the competitor to offer a best possible solution. Market for alternative source of energy is in a growing stage. Rising energy  cost, unstable oil market, environmental awareness, tax incentives are the main drivers towards the growth of renewable energy. Market value for 2010 was $6 billion more than 100% growth from the previous year and the market for solar PV forecasted to increase by 30.4% CAGR for the period of 2010-15. It’s a vision of a federal government to depend on the renewable energy to produce 80% of the electricity by the year 2035. Around the world, 85% of electricity is being derived from oil, gas and coal and less than 1% are from solar energy, so there is great potential in the market for growth. PVT is a pioneer in renewable energy supply to more than 25 countries with their quality and effective product. The below calculation are done as per the calculation in the PVT option like the following :   Total cost of Sale : 60% of the total Project Value Warranty Expenses & Premium : 18% of the Total Value Maintenance Contract Income : 8.9% of the Total Value Gross Expenses – Guarantee : 38.7% of the Total value Maintenance Contract Expenses : 8% of the Total value Sales Commission : .4% of the Total Value Annexure :1 Considering if SOMA uses the alternative Current Alternative1 Total Project value Warranty Premium Maintenance Contract Income Total Revenue Total cost of Sales Warranty Expenses Gross Expenses – Gurantee Maintenance Contract Expenses Sales Commission Project cost of sales Project Gross Profit 17000000 10200000 68000 10268000 6732000 17000000 3060000 20060000 10200000 3060000 68000 13328000 6732000 Alternative2 17000000 1513000 18513000 10200000 6592385 1369444 68000 18229829 283171 Annexure 2: Considering if the BJ Solar uses the alternative Current Alternative1 Total Project value Warranty Premium Maintenance Contract Income Total Revenue Total cost of Sales Warranty Expenses Gross Expenses – Gurantee Maintenance Contract Expenses Sales Commission Project cost of sales Project Gross Profit 16000000 9600000 64000 9664000 6336000 16000000 2880000 18880000 9600000 2880000 64000 12544000 6336000 Alternative2 16000000 1424000 17424000 9600000 6204597 1288889 64000 17157486 266514

An Essay on the Characteristics and Development of Ancient City-States Essay

A city-state is defined as an independent or autonomous entity whose territory consists of a city which is not administered as part of a local government. Through reading the articles of Larson, Westenholz, and Neihmer it becomes apparent that city-states differ depending on the region and time they are in, and the purpose they serve. The three specific examples that come to mind are the Phoenicians, Assyrians, and the Sumerians. All three of these had unique characteristics that define each society; however, all three societies displayed enough similarities to make them definable as ancient city-states. One of the defining characteristics of a city-state is the fact that it is a self-governing and self-sufficient entity. Ancient city-states provided the first clear evidence for social stratification and most city-states contained a ruling family or dynasty, which controlled the city-state and it’s surrounding hinterlands by managing the land, water, and other natural resources. Each city state also contained a council of elders which helped the ruling family serve as a controlling body of local policy. However in Assyrian city-states there also existed a year-eponymy, which was a person who was elected for a single year to serve as the head of the city hall. He acted as the head of the city and carried out the executive orders form the higher officials suchas the king and the elders. In Sumerian city states, kings were referred to as â€Å"ensi† or â€Å"lugal† which were names that were meant to display to citizens his power and importance, and made his rule indisputable within society. Kings were relied upon to build not only monumental structures and temples for their respective deities, but also to maintain a functional infrastructure. In Phoenician city states, The king was landlord of pretentious places and sacrificial buildings. This display exists in many city- states and not only in Phoenician culture. The king demonstrated his power through buildings such as tombs and temples, but however, he was also the leading figure in charge of maintenance of public places, and in most cities, the defensive wall. There is sufficient evidence of city-walls consistently across all ancient city-states, but the reason these walls existed remains unclear. There is no archaeological evidence of warfare, or conflict between city- states. One of the most logical reasons for these walls to exist was to serve a symbolic purpose because the interior area would be posses a more clear political identity. The Assyrians, in dealing with enemies, took a unique and strict political regime that limited trade and dealings with other city-states, and as evidenced by the archaeological record, in a letter. Their particular rule stated that if any merchant traded with a Akkadian Amorite or a Subariean, then the merchant would be put to death. Laws such as this one established a clear political stance that many cities held on many issues concerning interactions with outsiders. Though The city ruler acted as the city god’s human deputy and managed the assets of the city as a whole. there is also sufficient evidence for long- distance trade. City- states developed in Phoenician, Assyrian, and Sumerian society as important trade resources and had a significant impact on culture. Prominent city-states were key to cultural development because they were able to support local artisans and were key centers of trade, which enabled different cultures to influence one another. Sumerian city-states were located in key trade locations because their own agricultural opportunities were scarce, and they heavily relied on the trade of barley, beer and textiles to other places in order to obtain food resources form elsewhere in order to support their population. In Assyrian society, the economy was controlled by ruling families and therefore, trade was regulated depending on the ruling class. These city-states productivity was dependent upon the weather for that year, so trade would fluctuate depending on the success of the season. For Phoenician city- states, there is sufficient archaeological evidence for long- distance trade, shown in the influence and presence of foreign art and style. Furthermore, archeological evidence is supplied in the discovery of cylinder seals, which were used to ensure the authenticity of the item being traded or shipped, and ensure its condition, if the seal remained unbroken. Key developments in ancient city- states are displayed in the changes of city plan’s and architecture, as well as further developments in trade. In some cases, cities were set up in tribute to a specific deity. These cities were mainly located on a hill, with a temple on the highest point, with the rest of the city built around the center temple. These temples not only served as places of religious worship and practice, but also served as cultural and economic centers. A distinguishing characteristic of many ancient city- states is, dominant palaces, temples†¦of sometimes monumental size and form†¦lie next to tightly knit living quarters traversed by an irregular network of streets, and in most cases these cities had irregular and unique city plans from one another. The proximity of the households to the temple showed the importance and the involvement of the temple in the daily life of the citizens. Furthermore, the layout of the city also demonstrates social stratification.

Ethical issues in medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethical issues in medicine - Essay Example n europe regarding a suicidal act was that if any person performs a suicidal act upon him, then the court of law used to order the local police to drag the body of that person on the streets, just to set an example for those, who wished to perform a suicidal act upon them (Emanuel, 1805-1810). By the end of the 18th century, Euthanasia was quite a controversial topic of discussion. Many experts had ejected the idea of euthanasia and considered to be morally and ethically illegal. But in 1828, for the first time ever in history of mankind, The constituiton of USA made assisted suicide illegal. However, By 1930, Euthanasia had started to gain strong support in USA and other westernicized socities of the world and they were in favor of it. By the 20th and ealy 21st century, Euthanasia has made strong progress in Europe. Countries like Netherlands and Belgium have made it legal. Even Australia and USA have made steps to legalize it. Euthanasia can be either an active euthanasia or passive euthanasia. Passive euthanasia refers to taking the life of the other person, at his request, by removing the life supporting means. There can be two kinds of life supporting means, ordinary life supporting means and extraordinary life supporting means. Ordinary life supporting means, such as food and water, are basic human needs, which are required by a person at regular intervals, in order to continue his life. In addition, any such death which is caused by the failure to provide the ordinary life supporting means does not comes under the definition of euthanasia. However, it is not necessary for a person to use extraordinary life supporting means to continue his life and a person also has an absolute freedom to discontinue any such medical treatment which can be categorized as an extraordinary life supporting mean. This is because, as there are many intricacies involved in deaths which are caused by the removal of extraordi nary life supporting means, so each such case of death

COM 8 Anti Drinking Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

COM 8 Anti Drinking Campaign - Essay Example .... 5 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...... 7 1 Com 8 Anti-Drinking Campaign Executive Summary Underage drinking is one of the major problems of our youth today. This paper aims to enlighten the readers on the increasing incidence of underage drinking among the young students. It will discuss the adverse consequences that underage drinking has on the youth. Furthermore, it will suggest ways on how schools can help in preventing underage drinking. The warning signs to look for in students who engage in underage drinking will be pinpointed to assist educators in identifying. 2 Facts and Statistics on Underage Drinking â€Å"Underage drinking is the use of alcohol by a person under the age of 21, the minimum legal age† (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (USDHHS, 2007). Underage drinking has now become a major health problem in the US and the statistics are quite alarming. According to the report of the Surgeon General, nearly 10.8 million youth, ages 12 to 20, are underage drinkers (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2007). ... The graph below illustrates this survey. 3 Consequences of Underage Drinking The consequences of underage drinking are very serious. In a study by the John Hopkins School of Public Health, it was approximated that about 5,000 people under age 21 die from alcohol-related injuries (The Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth (CAMY), 2010). Specifically, 1,900 or 38 percent of the 5,000 deaths are due to motor vehicle crashes; 1,600 or 32 percent result from homicides; and 300 or six percent result from suicides (CAMY, 2010). Aside from these disturbing figures, there are other serious consequences of underage drinking. Based on the data presented by the CDCP, underage drinking results in â€Å"1) school problems, such as higher absence and poor or failing grades; 2) social problems, such as fighting and lack of participation in youth activities; 3) legal problems, such as arrest for driving or physically hurting someone while drunk; 4) physical problems, such as hangovers or illnesses; 5) unwanted, unplanned, and unprotected sexual activity; 6) disruption of normal growth and sexual development; 7) physical and sexual assault; 8) higher risk for suicide and homicide; 9) alcohol-related car crashes and other unintentional injuries, such as burns, falls, and drowning; 10) memory problems; 11) abuse of other drugs; 12) changes in brain development that may have life-long effects; and 13) death from alcohol poisoning (2010). Looking through these consequences makes one quiver over the scenarios that one can expect from an adolescent who experience underage drinking. What is even more frightening is that these dangers are far greater for those who indulge in binge drinking (CDCP, 2010). Steps to Combat Underage Drinking The school can adapt several strategies to

Banking Regulation and Risks Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Banking Regulation and Risks - Coursework Example The banks are now on a constant quest to out-wind the effects of the global financial crisis and encounter a new business era. The change in the regulatory framework of banks has been observed globally. The practices of the banks of increased regulatory requirement have are hindered the banks from progressing (Ernst & Young, 2011). Hence, this report aims to highlight the effect of the global financial crisis on the regulatory framework of the banks. It will signify the need for the banks to alter the global banking landscape. This has become mandatory so that the system can run smoothly and performance can be optimized while developing capability to sustain any such economic shocks in future. SECURITIZATION The financial engineering based process of pooling certain types of assets so that they can be converted into interest bearing securities is called securitization. The asset in turn derives interest and principal payment for the individual who has purchased the securities (Jobst, 2006). This concept began in 1970’s in the US. The agencies which were backed by the US government pooled the home mortgages. By the 1980’s other assets which were primarily important for pooling were gathered and since then the market of securitization grew dramatically (Jobst, 2006). There was incremental growth in the residential mortgage funding through residential based mortgage securities (RMBS) in UK moved to ?257 billion from ?13billion (Wainwright, 2010). Following trend was observed across the years: (Wainwright, 2010) With the global financial crisis the stability of this concept was also widely impacted. This impact originated from the credibility of securitization conducted for the sub-prime mortgage loans. The poor credit origination, lack of regulatory efficiencies and inadequate methods of valuation proved to hurt the securitization severely. UK suffered as nearly 70% of the RMBS were given to foreigners who reverted to local markets (Wainwright, 2010) The concept of Securitization is also known as financial innovation. The need for securitization was realized to supply the customers with securitized bonds which were backed by sufficient assets. The surety that such bonds will never be subject to bankruptcy was a major factor which attracted the individuals towards it (Davis, 2011). USEFULNESS OF SECURITIZATION AND THE FINANCIAL CRISIS Businesses adopted securitization as source of funding for business on the basis of assets held by them. Banks also allured to the usefulness of securitization as it reduced the pressure of minimum capital requirement imposed as regulation (Jobst, 2006). Securitization was widely used in the US before the financial crisis. At the time of the global financial crisis it was observed that the asset based securities were primarily in the limelight of the investors’ portfolio. The securitization tool was asset backed and so it was widely used as collateral of the sale and repurchase agreements. T he asset based securities were also used for the issuance of the asset backed commercial paper. However, the benefits of securitization were enchased unduly that resulted in the crises. During the financial crisis banks were involved as financial intermediaries. When the banking system collapsed these instruments also collapsed as the banks couldn’t sustain the complex engineering introduced for excessive use of the process. This

G.W. Bush and the Decision to Invade Iraq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

G.W. Bush and the Decision to Invade Iraq - Essay Example After the attack of the 9/11, the greatest terrorist attack of the world so far, America took many diplomatic plunges and tried to sort out the scores through negotiations at the first and Jimmy Carter’s stand on the war against Iraq as a last resort with more alternatives being sought after initially. President Truman was trying to establish and dictate the American supremacy during the Cold War situation and a threat from the Soviet Block initiated the decision of launching the devastating nuclear weapon on Japan. On the contrary, the decision of invading Iraq by George W. Bush was a very calculated move as patience of America was displayed at the outset through negotiations and diplomacies of myriad types, even when America was passing through very trying times at the wake of 9/11 attacks on the nation. During the reign of Truman, the decision used to get impended on the grounds of exploring nuclear weapons at the closure of the war. With the change of time, now the great and powerful nations along with their highly skilled diplomats and great charismatic leaders need to rethink time and again on the issue of simply raging the war across the borders. All the nations are aware and are equipped with nuclear power and more dangerous chemical and biological weapons as well. A slightest ignorance and reluctance on the issue of using these weapons can lead to the destruction of the entire human race. Therefore, after the explosion of the first and most devastating nuclear attacks, treaties and agreements have condoned the development of nuclear technology and practice across the globe (The White House, â€Å"Multi-front Operation, 2001 Video & Timeline President Delivers State of the Union Address†). â€Å"Multi-front Operation, 2001 Video & Timeline President Delivers State of the Union Address.† State of the Union. The White House, 2002. Web. 16 Jul. 2013.

PERSONAL ETHICS ACTION PLAN Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

PERSONAL ETHICS ACTION PLAN - Assignment Example I will never compromise my integrity based on the opinions of others and I will remain true to my purpose and myself. I will remain ethical, motivate and enthusiastic at all times in both my personal and professional duties. While working in groups, I will ensure that my personal life reflects my character of respect, ethics and integrity and maintain the same standards throughout my career. I will lead by example and demonstrate how hard work and integrity pays off both in personal and professional life. I have learned that ethics comprise of the values, norms, beliefs and basic principles that govern interactions of individuals in the society. Sound ethical principles enable and individual to differentiate what is wrong and what is right. From my research, personal ethics provides the moral background that people build their live and assists in decision-making. Ethics will entail the core values that individuals will reflect on while solving day to day problems. I have also learned that ethics differ from one individual to the other and entails the ‘inner voice’ and intuitions that drive an individual in identifying what they consider as right or wrong in decision making. I believe ethics is demonstrated how an individual treats others with respect and dignity. Some of the virtues that guide individual ethical virtues that I have identified through research and course reading include integrity, competence, generosity and respect for other individuals’ lives and dignity. I have noticed that ethical norms are performed through consistent practice of the character traits that individual wishes to portray as the personal identity in the society. Ethics not only requires an individual to comply with the law but also the generally accepted norms in the society. From my discussions with classmates, the best way to understand your ethics is to begin questioning your beliefs, norms and attitudes of the human

Holy Byzantine Women Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Holy Byzantine Women - Term Paper Example While we do have well documented accounts of powerful empresses, it is often more beneficial to understand the plight of the average Byzantine woman to truly understand the inner-workings of this particular civilization. Many women during this time period were quite religious and became the saints of their particular generation. Thankfully we do have some wonderful and cherished memories of their lives that will prove most helpful in this endeavor. It is important to see, through the perspective of history, the important role that women played in many different aspects of Byzantine society. This will allow us to envision that life, without Byzantine women, would have been difficult at best. Through a careful examination of four different holy Byzantine holy women, we will establish that the economic, social, and religious contributions of the common Byzantine woman enabled the continued existence of this society for centuries.  Biographical Analysis Saint Theodora of Arta is the fi rst holy woman we will discuss. As is typical of Byzantine women, we do not know exactly when she was born, but it must have been somewhere between 1224 and 1230. She was from Servia and her father was John Pertraliphas. He was quite famous in his own right, being the governor of Thessaly and Macedonia. She became married to the ruler of Epirus and Thessaly, apparently when she was still a child. This happened shortly after the husband’s accession to the throne in 1231. She became saintly due to her circumstances. Her husband preferred his mistress, which meant that Theodora was not allowed in the house or on the grounds, forcing her into a life of poverty on the streets. From written accounts, she suffered through these various hardships without complaining, even while she was pregnant, eventually gaining the attention of a village priest. The priest gave her shelter for nearly five years until Theodora’s husband saw the error of his ways and invited his wife back to live with him. From this account, we envision that Theodora’s mind and heart was pure. She did not choose the life she was given, yet she remained of positive attitude and worked hard to do right by her child and her God. Over the course of her life, she founded the convent of St. George, which was in Arta, and actually lived there after her husband died. To this day, her tomb is a pilgrimage site and many have ascribed miracles to it. Another saintly woman that we have a written account of is Saint Thomais of Lesbos. Thomais was in Lesbos, but spent much of her life in Constantinople. Subsequently, much of what we know about her is confined to that region. The parents of Thomais were named Michael and Kale. From all accounts, they were quite a pious and god-fearing couple. In addition, they were happy as a couple, so we are left to assume that Thomais was raised in a solid and pleasant environment and, while they did not have much, she received love and compassion at home. S adly, her particular marriage was not so happy. She married Stephen and we read that their marriage was a disaster. Thomais was perfectly content staying at home with her parents, and did so until the age of 24, perhaps foreshadowing her own fear of marriage. She did not have children of her own. During her adult life, she was in the habit of walking the streets of Constantinople and was

Applied Linguistis - Structure of English - grammar Essay

Applied Linguistis - Structure of English - grammar - Essay Example It specifies the intricacies of English grammar relatively to other languages such as French language wherein the rules of grammar have been codified, signifying the higher degree of freedom in English grammar. Sample examination of L1 and L2 non-native students (NNSs) indicates that they use simple sentences formed with be-copula as the main verbs. This essay attempts an analysis of the reasons behind this tendency in non-native L2 students in general and Arabian students in particular by offering a comparison of the essay writings of both native learners and non-native learners. Problems of Arabic L1 and L2 students related to grammar are specifically discussed with possible causes and recommendations to avoid the errors of grammar. The Meaning of ‘grammar’ The grammar in English has various meanings; the prevalent meaning is inclusion of syntax and aspects of morphology in ‘grammar’. Morphology deals with internal mechanisms of words that covers Inflectio ns such as ‘bought’, the past tense, is the Inflection of the verb ‘buy’ and when it is written in interrogative form of the sentence ‘He bought it’, changed to ‘Did he buy it?’ [Syntax], it becomes a part of grammar. In some English speaking countries, the word ‘grammar’ is used flexibly by considering spelling and lexicology a part of grammar (Quirk et al., 1985). Rules of grammar and the native speaker The native speaker of English language imbibes the rules of grammar without acknowledging them but finds it difficult to explain. The same is not true when a foreign language is learnt, as the learning process is based on complex rule sets, which are not ambiguous because the grammarians themselves have codified the rules as there is the Academy Grammar in French but nothing of that sort is available in English language, therefore, the level of freedom is high in the usage of English grammar (Quirk et al., 1985). Idea of a language is more important to convey in English grammar than the statement as it has its own sets of codes to follow. Hinkel (2003) examination of 1.083 L1 and L2 texts proves that higher non-native-English-speaking students in U.S. universities use extra-ordinarily simple syntactic and lexical sentences, like be-copula as the main verb; predicative adjectives; uncommon nouns; and public, private and expecting/tentative verbs with average frequency rates critically greater than given in basic texts by native English speakers. An evaluation of bulk corpus analyses accomplished in the last two decades shows that these expressions are common in talkative and informal discussions in stead of the written study texts. Causes for the practice of easy syntactic and lexical traits of text in L2 study essays are analysed besides introducing instructional techniques to manage the drawbacks in naturalistic and communicative L2 learning and instructional ways for L2 students pursuing studi es. The L2 study essays written by non-native English speakers (NNSs) indicate the deterioration in the standard in comparison to the academic essays written by native speakers (NSs). The overall writing standard of non-native L1 and L2 students’ texts can be raised by finding the easy syntactical and lexical sentences. The findings indicate that be-copula as the leading verb of a sentence is randomly used along with predicative adjectives. The random usage of be-copula verb even in advanced L1 and L2 essay writing affects the frequency rates of nouns and

Entrepreneurship and New Venture Development Essay

Entrepreneurship and New Venture Development - Essay Example Such has been the case with all local as well as global organizations. Organizations have been increasingly making huge investments in managing their human resource in the form of recruitment, selection, training and retaining talents from across the world. In other words their human resource strategies are more and more aligned with the long term and strategic objectives of the firms. The project brings forth the case of BP Chemicals which has been confronting with difficulty in meeting its staff requirements. The organization faced a human resource crisis when it struggled to find the processing and engineering staff having the requisite skills and qualification for keeping pace with the technological advances and changes. It increasingly faced difficulty in finding the right technical expertise and skills; however, finding the manual and graduates was not a problem. In order to resolve the crisis the company established Quartz, an autonomous body responsible for recruitment and tr aining of candidates as required in BP Chemicals. The project tries to explore and evaluate the learning and development programs adopted by BP Chemicals in terms of the long term objectives of the firm and also the satisfaction of its employees. To what extent does the organisation adopt a structured training process approach in its learning and development provision The training and development process conducted in BP Chemicals would be discussed in the context of the Lewinian Experiential Learning Model. There are two main aspects on this model which need to be emphasized. First is the model’s emphasis on the here and now concrete experience for validating and testing the abstract concepts. The immediate experience is considered as the main aim for giving life, texture, learning and personal meaning to the abstract concepts. It also provides a publicly shared ad referenced point for the testing of validity and implications of the ideas which are generated during the proces s of learning (Cliffs, 2006, p.4). The following figure would depict the ideas in the model. Figure 1: Lewinian Experiential Learning Model (Source: Thorpe & Edwards, 1993, p.139) Secondly the laboratory training and action research are primarily based on the process of feedback. The information feedback is considered to be the basis on which continuous process of goal oriented actions and their evaluations are generated. In the case of BP Chemicals, it is seen that the concrete experience is felt when the organization failed to avail of the human resource with the needed skills and expertise to keep in pace with the technological advances and changes. The firm realised that as technology continued to change, it would have to recruit people having knowledge of the new technologies and skills or would have to provide training to the existing people in the new technologies. It was felt that the above two aspects were completely necessary for the firm to survive and compete in the mark et. The second stage in the model which is the actions research and the laboratory training are said to be based on the process of feedback. As per the case study it is seen that BP Chemicals established a body called Quartz which had the responsibility of recruiting personnel for the organization and also providing the requisite training and learning for them. As per the feedback on the implementation of the new training and deve